The current in the circuit is ramped up from I_MIN_OP to I_INTERM_1, with three current plateaus at intermediate levels (I_INJECTION, I_INTERM_INT_4, I_INTERM_INT_6). The current is maintained constant at each current level during TIME_INTERM_1.
This test has been inserted (from version 1.1 on) in order to check the status of the splices and to fine-tune the QPS compensation parameters
The required analysis and signatures are listed below.
|Responsible|Type of analysis|Criterion|
|-----------|----------------|---------|
|-|Automatic analysis on earth current and error current|I_EARTH_PLI2_S1 < I_EARTH_MAX and I_ERR_PLI2_S1 < I_ERR_MAX|
|MP3|Splice signals|R_bus<10 nOhm|
source: Powering Procedure and Acceptance Criteria for the 13 kA Dipole Circuits, MP3 Procedure, <ahref="https://edms.cern.ch/document/874713">https://edms.cern.ch/document/874713</a> (Please follow this link for the latest version)
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
# Analysis Assumptions
- We consider standard analysis scenarios, i.e., all signals can be queried. If a signal is missing, an analysis can raise a warning and continue or an error and abort the analysis.
- It is recommended to execute each cell one after another. However, since the signals are queried prior to analysis, any order of execution is allowed. In case an analysis cell is aborted, the following ones may not be executed (e.g. I\_MEAS not present).
# Plot Convention
- Scales are labeled with signal name followed by a comma and a unit in square brackets, e.g., I_MEAS, [A].
- If a reference signal is present, it is represented with a dashed line.
- If the main current is present, its axis is on the left. Remaining signals are attached to the axis on the right. The legend of these signals is located on the lower left and upper right, respectively.
- The grid comes from the left axis.
- The title contains timestamp, circuit name, and signal name allowing to re-access the signal.
- The plots assigned to the left scale have colors: blue (C0) and orange (C1). Plots presented on the right have colors red (C2) and green (C3).
- Each plot has an individual time-synchronization mentioned explicitly in the description.
- If an axis has a single signal, then the color of the label matches the signal's color. Otherwise, the label color is black.
PLI3.A2 is a simple current cycle at I_INTERM_2 during TIME_INTERM_2, while PLI3.A5 is a current cycle with 2 current levels (I_SM, I_INTERM_2) during TIME_INTERM_2 each. PLI3.A5 can be performed with calorimetric measurement (original purpose). In case of calorimetric measurement, the cryogenic cooling must be stable and maintained constant during the whole cycle. The aim of this test is to check the performance of the current leads and also the splices resistance, and, in case of calorimetric measurements, to detect abnormal heating in the magnets environment.
The required analysis and signatures are listed below.
|Responsible|Type of analysis|Criterion|
|-----------|----------------|---------|
|-|Automatic analysis on earth current and error current|I_EARTH_PLI2_S1 < I_EARTH_MAX and I_ERR_PLI2_S1 < I_ERR_MAX|
|MP3|Splice signals|From board A and board B separately R_bus_max <3 nOhm. Individual R_splice_max<0.5nOhm R_mag<50 nOhm|
|MP3|Current lead|46 < TT891A < 54K; Abs(U_RES)< 40mV; and no drift Abs(U_HTS) < 0.5mV|
source: Powering Procedure and Acceptance Criteria for the 13 kA Dipole Circuits, MP3 Procedure, <ahref="https://edms.cern.ch/document/874713">https://edms.cern.ch/document/874713</a>
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
# Analysis Assumptions
- We consider standard analysis scenarios, i.e., all signals can be queried. If a signal is missing, an analysis can raise a warning and continue or an error and abort the analysis.
- It is recommended to execute each cell one after another. However, since the signals are queried prior to analysis, any order of execution is allowed. In case an analysis cell is aborted, the following ones may not be executed (e.g. I\_MEAS not present).
# Plot Convention
- Scales are labeled with signal name followed by a comma and a unit in square brackets, e.g., I_MEAS, [A].
- If a reference signal is present, it is represented with a dashed line.
- If the main current is present, its axis is on the left. Remaining signals are attached to the axis on the right. The legend of these signals is located on the lower left and upper right, respectively.
- The grid comes from the left axis.
- The title contains timestamp, circuit name, and signal name allowing to re-access the signal.
- The plots assigned to the left scale have colors: blue (C0) and orange (C1). Plots presented on the right have colors red (C2) and green (C3).
- Each plot has an individual time-synchronization mentioned explicitly in the description.
- If an axis has a single signal, then the color of the label matches the signal's color. Otherwise, the label color is black.
- Calculation of the busbar resistance as the slope of a linear fit of U,I curve obtained from the corresponding mean values of the voltage and current
*CRITERIA*:
- Check if the busbar resistance is below 3 nOhm
*GRAPHS*:
- The busbar resistance, R
- The green box denotes the validity region of the busbar resostance (0, 3] nOhm
%% Cell type:code id: tags:
``` python
title = '%s, %s: %s-%s' % (circuit_name, hwc_test, Time.to_string(t_start).split('.')[0], Time.to_string(t_end).split('.')[0])
- Check if the valve is opened (>2%), but not fully (<50%)
- Check if the valve variation (defined as difference between the maximum and minimum value) does not exceed 8% at constant current (the ramp of the current is excluded this criterion)
*GRAPHS*:
- Main power converter current, I_MEAS
- Valve for regulation of TT891A, CV891.POSST
- t = 0 s corresponds to the start time of the test
- Green box denotes the valve opening validity region [2, 50] % of the TT891A temperature regulation
The circuit is powered up to I_PNO + a current margin (I_DELTA). I_PNO is considered as the maximum current which can be used for the operation after the commissioning. During the HWC a current margin will be added for this test. Depending on the I_PNO level, training quenches of the dipole magnets may occur. Even if the test is considered as failed, each system (PC, QPS, magnet...) must be analysed before launching another test run.
After each test resulting in a quench, the MP3 will decide on continuation of the tests, not only taking into account the objective to be reached, but also speed of the training, and the currents reached in the other sectors.
If the I_PNO+I_DELTA current level is reached, an EE is provoked from the plateau.
During this test, the performance of each equipment must be checked
The required analysis and signatures are listed below.
|Responsible|Type of analysis|Criterion|
|-----------|----------------|---------|
|PC|PC voltage check|PC voltage ~ -1.5 V ± 0.5 V, 1 s after the EE activation. The current decay time constant should be within 20% of Decay_Time_const. Smooth exponential waveform on the PC voltage and current during the whole decay|
|PC|Automatic analysis on earth current and error current|I_EARTH_PNO_B2 < I_EARTH_MAX and I_ERR_ PNO_B2 < I_ERR_MAX|
|EE|Energy discharge|Maximum voltage on EE resistance ($R*I$±10%) and maximum temperature of the EE resistance (±10% from theoretical value)|
|EE|Energy discharge|Time delay on switch opening (300±50ms at odd point and 600±50ms at even point)|
|MP3|Splice signals (if TIME_PNOB2 > 1800s)|From board A and board B separately: R_bus_max <3 nOhm, Individual R_splice_max<0.5nOhm R_mag<30 nOhm|
|MP3|Detection of symmetric quench (if SymQ buffer is triggered at the discharge)|Voltage difference between magnets <80% × high threshold value of sunglass filter × current ratio|
|MP3|Current lead|46 < TT891A < 54K; Abs(U_RES)< 40mV; and no drift Abs(U_HTS) < 0.5mV|
source: Powering Procedure and Acceptance Criteria for the 13 kA Dipole Circuits, MP3 Procedure, <ahref="https://edms.cern.ch/document/874713">https://edms.cern.ch/document/874713</a> (Please follow this link for the latest version)
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
# Analysis Assumptions
- We consider standard analysis scenarios, i.e., all signals can be queried. If a signal is missing, an analysis can raise a warning and continue or an error and abort the analysis.
- It is recommended to execute each cell one after another. However, since the signals are queried prior to analysis, any order of execution is allowed. In case an analysis cell is aborted, the following ones may not be executed (e.g. I\_MEAS not present).
# Plot Convention
- Scales are labeled with signal name followed by a comma and a unit in square brackets, e.g., I_MEAS, [A].
- If a reference signal is present, it is represented with a dashed line.
- If the main current is present, its axis is on the left. Remaining signals are attached to the axis on the right. The legend of these signals is located on the lower left and upper right, respectively.
- The grid comes from the left axis.
- The title contains timestamp, circuit name, and signal name allowing to re-access the signal.
- The plots assigned to the left scale have colors: blue (C0) and orange (C1). Plots presented on the right have colors red (C2) and green (C3).
- Each plot has an individual time-synchronization mentioned explicitly in the description.
- If an axis has a single signal, then the color of the label matches the signal's color. Otherwise, the label color is black.
## 4.2. Analysis of the Power Converter Main Current
This analysis module displays the main current of the power converter (I_MEAS) compared to the one obtained from the reference FPA (HWC PNO.b2 test with opening of EE systems and without magnet quench).
*ANALYSIS*:
- The evolution of the characteristic time $\tau$ of an exponential decay $f(t)$ is obtained as
Naturally, this formula only applies to exponential decayed characterised by a time constant. Nonetheless, for pseudo-exponential decays, this formula gives a notion of the change of the characteristic time $\tilde{\tau}$. For a circuit we compute the time-varying characteristic time as
- Check if the characteristic time of pseudo-exponential decay of I_MEAS from t=1 to 120 s is 90 s< Tau <110 s
*PLOT*:
- The main power converter current (analyzed and reference) on the left axis, I_MEAS
- The characteristic time calculated for the main current (reference and actual) on the right axis, -I_MEAS/dI_MEAS_dt
The actual characteristic time contains steps, which indicate a quenching magnet (decrease of circuit inductance); note that for the reference one the steps are not present. Timing of PIC abort, FGC timestamp, and the maximum current are reported next to the graph.
- t = 0 s corresponds to the respective (analyzed and reference) FGC timestamps.
## 4.3. Analysis of the Power Converter Main Current Smoothness
*ANALYSIS*:
- The current smoothness is evaluated on the basis of its second derivative. The derivative is calculated as a rolling division of current and time differences. The rolling window is fixed and equal to 10 points; with the sampling time equal to 0.1 s the time difference is equal to $dt=1 s$.
\begin{equation}
\frac{d i(t)}{dt} = \frac{i(t+dt)-i(t)}{dt}
\end{equation}
To obtain the second derivative of the current decay, the formula above is applied twice to the current profile from PM after the second EE opening (for t > 1 s).
*CRITERIA*
- Check if the second derivative of the current decay of I_MEAS from t = 1 s is -10 A/s^2< dI_MEAS/dt^2 < 10 A/s^2
*PLOT*:
- The second derivative of the main power converter current on the left axis, dI_MEAS/dt^2
- Green bar denotes the acceptance threshold for the second derivative of the main power converter current
- The main power converter current on the right axis, I_MEAS
%% Cell type:code id: tags:
``` python
title = create_hwc_plot_title_with_circuit_name(circuit_name=circuit_name, hwc_test=hwc_test, t_start=t_start, t_end=t_end, signal='I_MEAS smoothness')
PLI3.A5 is a current cycle with 2 current levels (I_SM, I_INTERM_2) during TIME_INTERM_2 each. PLI3.A5 can be performed with calorimetric measurement (original purpose). In case of calorimetric measurement, the cryogenic cooling must be stable and maintained constant during the whole cycle. The aim of this test is to check the performance of the current leads, and, in case of calorimetric measurements, to detect abnormal heating in the magnets environment.
The current to earth and the current error from the power convertor are checked during the sequence.
The aim of this test is to check the performance of the QPS and EE systems and the correct current sharing in the different FWD. The current to earth and the current error from the PC are checked during the sequence.
The required analysis and signatures are listed below.
|Responsible|Type of analysis|Criterion|
|-----------|----------------|---------|
|PC|Automatic analysis on earth current and error current|I_EARTH_PLI3_A5 < I_EARTH_MAX and I_ERR_PLI3_A5 < I_ERR_MAX|
|MP3|Splice signals|R_bus<10 nOhm R_mag<50 nOhm|
|MP3|Current lead|46 < TT891A < 54K|
|MP3|Current lead|Abs(U_RES)< 40mV and no drift|
|MP3|Current lead|Abs(U_HTS) < 0.5mV|
source: Powering Procedure and Acceptance Criteria for the 13 kA Quadrupole (RQD-RQF) Circuits, MP3 Procedure, <ahref="https://edms.cern.ch/document/874714">https://edms.cern.ch/document/874714</a> (Please follow this link for the latest version)
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
# Analysis Assumptions
- We consider standard analysis scenarios, i.e., all signals can be queried. Depending on what signal is missing, an analysis can raise a warning and continue or an error and abort the analysis.
- It is recommended to execute each cell one after another. However, since the signals are queried prior to an analysis, any order of execution is allowed. In case an analysis cell is aborted, the following ones may not be executed (e.g. I\_MEAS not present).
# Plot Convention
- Scales are labeled with signal name followed by a comma and a unit in the square bracket, e.g., I_MEAS, [A]
- If a reference signal is present, it is represented with a dashed line
- If the main current is present, its axis is on the left. Remaining signals are attached to the axis on the right. The legend of these signals is located on the lower left and upper right, respectively.
- The grid comes from the left axis
- Title contains timestamp, circuit name, signal name allowing for re-access the signal.
- The plots assigned to the left scale got colors: blue (C0) and orange (C1). Plots presented on the right have colors red (C2) and green (C3).
- Each plot has an individual time-synchronization mentioned explicitly in the description.
- If an axis has a single signal, change color of the label to match the signal's color. Otherwise, the label color is black.
This test has been inserted (from version 1.1 on) in order to check the status of the splices step-wise while ramping the circuit up and down to I_SM current.
From I_MIN_OP, the circuit is ramped up to different current level (I_SM_INT_1, I_SM_INT_2, I_SM_INT_3, I_SM_INT_4, I_SM) and maintained constant at each current level during TIME_INTERM_1.
The required analysis and signatures are listed below.
|Responsible|Type of analysis|Criterion|
|-----------|----------------|---------|
|-|Automatic analysis on earth current and error current|I_EARTH_PLIS_S2 < I_EARTH_MAX and I_ERR_PLIS_S2 < I_ERR_MAX|
|MP3|Splice signals|R_bus<10 nOhm|
source: Powering Procedure and Acceptance Criteria for the 13 kA Dipole Circuits, MP3 Procedure, <ahref="https://edms.cern.ch/document/874713">https://edms.cern.ch/document/874713</a> (Please follow this link for the latest version)
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
# Analysis Assumptions
- We consider standard analysis scenarios, i.e., all signals can be queried. Depending on what signal is missing, an analysis can raise a warning and continue or an error and abort the analysis.
- It is recommended to execute each cell one after another. However, since the signals are queried prior to an analysis, any order of execution is allowed. In case an analysis cell is aborted, the following ones may not be executed (e.g. I\_MEAS not present).
# Plot Convention
- Scales are labeled with signal name followed by a comma and a unit in the square bracket, e.g., I_MEAS, [A]
- If a reference signal is present, it is represented with a dashed line
- If the main current is present, its axis is on the left. Remaining signals are attached to the axis on the right. The legend of these signals is located on the lower left and upper right, respectively.
- The grid comes from the left axis
- Title contains timestamp, circuit name, signal name allowing for re-access the signal.
- The plots assigned to the left scale got colors: blue (C0) and orange (C1). Plots presented on the right have colors red (C2) and green (C3).
- Each plot has an individual time-synchronization mentioned explicitly in the description.
- If an axis has a single signal, change color of the label to match the signal's color. Otherwise, the label color is black.
