Draft: envs: add uv and rust and update versions

This is a new attempt at !1283 (merged), also introducing a check on successful deployment to CVMFS to prevent the havoc caused by the failure connected with !1283 (merged).

After discussing the issue with @cburr, it turned out that we need to change the way we produce environment to use conda-lock as in https://gitlab.cern.ch/lhcb-core/conda-environments/-/blob/master/.ci/create_environments.sh

See #17