introduce precommit

Changes:

• added pre-commit configuration, move dependency and path-xml check to here
• modifying .gitlab-ci.yml
  • avoid stages and rely only on jobs dependencies
  • run the tests in the same job as the build, it simplifies the configuration and avoid hacks

Will do in two dedicated MRs

• switch to clang-format 16 and black in pre-commit
• add flake8 (or ruff) and mypy checks

/cc @gcorti @mwhitehe @emmuhamm

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Validated by

• Core Software
• RTA
• Simulation