[CI] Update CI image variables to reflect updated pipeline stages

Description

Updates the CI image variables to reflect the new pipeline stages:

• Adds IMAGE_DEFAULT as the default image for jobs that do not have an image specified
• Adds IMAGE_LINT and IMAGE_REVIEW to reflect the new stages
• Removes the IMAGE_ANALYSIS
• The new IMAGE_LINT fixes the broken git-clang-format packages
• The new IMAGE_REVIEW removes the need for installs in the danger-review stage
• Another minor fix: Danger now ignores the Draft: prefix when checking MR titles

This was done in conjunction to the update here: https://gitlab.cern.ch/cta/eoscta-operations/containers/cta-ci-images

Checklist

• Documentation reflects the changes made.
• Merge Request title is clear, concise, and suitable as a changelog entry. See this link

References

Closes #1219 (closed)